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|currency = North Korean won |year = Calendar year |organs = |gdp rank = 125th (nominal) / 96th (PPP) |gdp = ~$11 to 15 billion |growth = 1.1% (2013 est.)〔 |per capita = $1,800 (2011 est.)〔 |sectors = mining and industry 36.5%, services 30.0%, agriculture and fisheries 22.4%, construction 7.8%, utilities 4.1%. (2013 est.)〔 |inflation = |poverty = |gini = |labor = |occupations = |unemployment = |industries = Military products, mining (coal, iron ore, limestone, magnesite, graphite, copper, zinc, lead, and precious metals), metallurgy, textiles, food processing. |exports = $4.707 billion (2011)〔http://www.indexmundi.com/north_korea/economy_profile.html〕 |export-goods = Minerals, metallurgical products, manufactures (including armaments), textiles, agricultural and fishery products, coal, iron ore, limestone, graphite, copper, zinc, and lead. |export-partners = 63% 27% |imports = $4.33 billion (2011 est.)〔 |import-goods = Petroleum, coking coal, machinery and equipment, textiles, and grain |import-partners = 61.6% 20.0% 4.0% (2011 est.) |gross external debt = $20 billion (2011 est) |debt = |revenue = $2.88 billion |expenses = $2.98 billion |foreign reserves = |aid = |credit = |cianame = kn |spelling = }} North Korea's economy is a centrally planned system, i.e. the role of market allocation schemes is limited. Although there have been some small-scale reforms , Pyongyang's basic adherence to a rigid centrally planned economy continues, as does its reliance on fundamentally non-pecuniary incentives. There have been reports of economic reform, particularly after Kim Jong-un assumed the leadership in 2012, but recent reports conflict over particular legislation and enactment.〔〔 The collapse of governments run by communist parties around the world in 1991, particularly North Korea's principal source of support, the Soviet Union, forced the North Korean economy to realign its foreign economic relations, including increased economic exchanges with South Korea. North Korea had a similar GDP per capita to its neighbor South Korea from the aftermath of the Korean War until the mid-1970s,〔Perry, Mark J. (December 21, 2011) (Institutions Matter: Real Per Capita GDP in North and South Korea ) Intellectual Takeout, Retrieved May 9, 2013〕〔Maddison, Angus "The World Economy A Millennial Perspective", OECD Development Studies Centre, ISBN 92-64-02261-9, (Published 2004), Table A3-c, also available on the Internet at () Retrieved May 8, 2013〕 but with a GDP per capita of less than $2,000 in the late 1990s and early 21st century, North Korea remains one of the world's poorest and least developed countries when measured solely by GDP. ==Size of the North Korean economy== Estimating gross national product in North Korea is a difficult task because of a dearth of economic data and the problem of choosing an appropriate rate of exchange for the North Korean won, the nonconvertible North Korean currency. The South Korean government's estimate placed North Korea's GNP in 1991 at US$22.9 billion, or US$1,038 per capita. In contrast, South Korea posted US$237.9 billion of GNP and a per capita income of US$5,569 in 1991. North Korea's GNP in 1991 showed a 5.2% decline from 1989, and preliminary indications were that the decline would continue. South Korea's GNP, by contrast, expanded by 9.3% and 8.4%, respectively, in 1990 and 1991. It is estimated that North Korea's GNP nearly halved between 1990 and 1999.〔 North Korean annual budget reports suggest state income roughly tripled between 2000 and 2014. By about 2010 external trade had returned to 1990 levels.〔 In 2014, the Bank of Korea estimated that the real GDP of North Korea in 2013 was 30,839 billion South Korean won. The same year, it published the following estimates of North Korea's GDP growth: 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Economy of North Korea」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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